How is a psychological disorder defined?

A psychological disorder is characterized by a pattern of symptoms that significantly impacts multiple areas of an individual's life, which may include their social, occupational, and personal functioning. This definition encompasses a range of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive issues that lead to difficulties in daily life. Psychological disorders can manifest in various forms, such as anxiety, depression, and personality disorders, and typically involve distress, dysfunction, and a deviation from typical developmental or social norms.

In contrast, the other options do not wholly capture the essence of a psychological disorder. For instance, a behavioral pattern that causes happiness does not align with the concept of a disorder, as disorders are generally associated with distress or dysfunction rather than positive emotional states. Similarly, a feeling of distress due to external circumstances might indicate situational stress but isn't sufficient to define a psychological disorder, since such feelings can be temporary and not necessarily indicative of a lasting condition. Lastly, a temporary emotional state without any behavioral patterns does not meet the criteria for a psychological disorder, as disorders typically involve persistent symptoms and recognizable behaviors that adversely affect a person’s functioning over time.