What does “groupthink” refer to?

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a cohesive group when the members prioritize consensus and harmony over critical analysis and independent thinking. This desire for conformity can lead to poor decision-making, as groups may suppress dissenting viewpoints, overlook alternatives, and fail to evaluate the repercussions of their decisions effectively.

In situations where groupthink is prevalent, members may feel pressured to conform to the prevailing opinion or to avoid conflicts, which can significantly impair the group's ability to make rational and sound decisions. The phenomenon often leads to flawed conclusions since the group does not adequately consider all relevant information and perspectives.

This understanding helps to contextualize why the other options do not capture the essence of groupthink. While collaboration and boosting morale are important aspects of group dynamics, they do not inherently refer to the detrimental effects of prioritizing group cohesiveness over critical thinking, which is central to the concept of groupthink. Similarly, discord among team members does not represent groupthink but rather indicates a breakdown in cohesion, which can actually serve as a counter to the phenomenon.