What type of research method involves observing subjects in their natural environment?

Observational research is centered around the practice of observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation or intervention by the researcher. This method allows researchers to gather data on behavior and interactions in real-life settings, providing insights that might not emerge in controlled experimental conditions. For instance, a psychologist might observe children interacting in a playground to study social behaviors, noting how they play and engage with each other in a typical setting.

While both observational research and ethnographic research involve observing subjects, observational research can be broader and does not necessarily require the in-depth, immersive approach characteristic of ethnographic studies, which often involve prolonged engagement with a cultural group. This distinction makes observational research a more straightforward choice when focused solely on observation in natural environments.

Experimental research primarily involves manipulation of variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships, while survey research collects self-reported data from subjects rather than observing their behaviors directly. Thus, observational research specifically highlights the method of watching subjects in their inherent contexts, making it the correct choice.