What type of waves occur when a person is alert and concentrating?

The correct answer is beta waves, which are associated with an alert and focused mental state. Beta waves have a frequency range of approximately 13 to 30 Hz and are prominent when a person is actively engaged in cognitive tasks, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, or concentrating on a particular task. This type of brain activity reflects an increase in mental engagement and activity, which is essential for tasks requiring attention and active processing.

Delta waves, in contrast, are the slowest brain waves (0.5 to 4 Hz) and are typically present during deep sleep and restorative states. Theta waves (4 to 8 Hz) are associated with light sleep, relaxation, or the early stages of sleep, as well as creativity and daydreaming. Alpha waves, with a frequency of 8 to 12 Hz, represent a state of relaxed wakefulness, often observed when a person is calm and not actively engaged in mental tasks. However, they do not reflect the heightened focus and concentration associated with beta waves.

This distinction illustrates why beta waves are the answer related to alertness and concentration, as they signify higher cognitive functioning and active engagement in tasks.